Weaving together the many strands of Indigenous nursing leadership: Towards a whakapapa model of nursing leadership

Abstract
This article builds on current leadership theories and incorporates mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge systems) and Kaupapa Māori methodology to inform a new model of Indigenous nursing leadership. The development of this model was inspired by one Māori nurse as she navigated her own leadership style that didn’t ‘neatly fit’ within existing theories of leadership. The development of the Whakapapa nursing leadership model recognised her inherent mana and dignity as an Indigenous woman, a nurse, and lesbian; alongside the learned skills, the history, relationships, aspirations, and responsibilities that she negotiated in her role. This model recognises the mauri (essence) of a person, demonstrating that leadership cannot be separated from the whole, that it is dynamic and intrinsically connected through whakapapa (ancestry). The authors propose the weaving together of many strands of leadership; utilising existing mainstream models but with additional strands sourced from mātauranga Māori – mana taurite (pursuing fairness and equity), whakatu tōtika (seeking the best solutions), i te wa tika me te waahi (in the right time and place), whakamana te tāngata (uplifting the dignity of people), ngā piki me ngā heke (embracing the ups and downs), tika, pono, aroha (acting with integrity) and te whānau, te hapū, te iwi (being accountable to the collective). While these strands are not exhaustive, they intertwine with other unique nursing leadership attributes to create a strong and inclusive leadership model. Hence, leadership is like a kete (basket) - each kete is unique, has its own kōrero (story), its own strengths, and weaknesses; and is beautiful in its wholeness. Utilising a Whakapapa nursing leadership approach can enhance outcomes for Māori nurse leaders to be authentically themselves for the betterment of their services, teams, whānau and hapori (communities).

Ngā ariā matua
Ka kawea whakamua e tēnei tuhinga ētahi o ngā ariā hautū o nāianei, ka whakauru hoki i te mātauranga Māori (ngā pūnaha mātauranga Māori) me ngā ritenga Kaupapa Māori hei whakamārama i te ara mō tētahi tauira mahi hautū tapuhi iwi taketake hou. I tupu ake te whanaketanga o tēnei tauira i ngā whakaaro o tētahi tapuhi Māori, i a ia e tūhura ana i āna ake tikanga hautū kāore i ‘āta haumi rawa’ ki roto i ngā ariā hautū o nāianei. Nā te whanaketanga o tana tauira hautū tapuhi i takea mai i te whakapapa, ka whakapūmautia tōna mana hei wahine iwi taketake, hei tapuhi, hei takatāpui; waihoki ngā pūkenga i ākona, ngā ara kua takahia, ngā taura tangata, me ngā haepapa e kawea ana e ia i tōna tūranga. E whakaū ana tēnei tauira i te mauri tangata, me te tūtohu mai kāore e taea te wehe te mahi hautū o te tangata i te ao katoa, e tūhonotia tonutia ana, mai i ōna paiaka, ki te whakapapa. Ko tā ngā kaituhi nei kia tuia tahitia ngā whenu maha o te hautū; me whakamahi ngā tauira mai i te ao whānui, engari me tuitui atu ētahi atu whenu i takea mai i te mātauranga Māori – ko te mana taurite, ko te whakatu tōtika , i te wa tika me te wāhi tika, ko te whakamana te tāngata, ko ngā piki me ngā heke, ko te tika, ko te pono, ko te aroha ā, ko te whānau, te hapū, te iwi . Ahakoa kāore i tuhia katoatia ngā whenu katoa o tēnei āhua, ka tuitui ēnei e takoto nei ki ētahi atu āhuatanga hautū mahi tapuhi ahurei, kia rere tētahi tauira pakari, hao hoki i te katoa. Nā reira, he tika te kī, he rite te hautū ki tēnei mea te kete - he rerekē tēnā kete, tēnā kete, he kōrero anō tō tēnā kete, tō tēnā kete, ōna pakaritanga, ōna ngoikoretanga, ōna mea ātaahua ina tirohia te katoa. Mā te whakamahi ara whakapapa mō te hautū mahi tapuhi ka piki pea ngā hua mō ngā kaihautū tapuhi Māori, kia piki ake te pai o ā rātou mahi mō ā rātou ratonga, tira, whānau, hapori hoki.

Keywords / Ngā kupu matua
disability / te hauā; Indigenous / iwi taketake; Kaupapa Māori; leadership / kaiārahitanga; Māori knowledge systems / mātauranga Māori; nursing / tapuhi ; sexuality / hōkakatanga