Public health nurses' endeavours with families using the 15 minute interview

Abstract
Public health nurses in New Zealand practice in urban and rural communities promoting health and wellbeing for school aged children and their families. Despite employing a family-centred approach little is known about the use or efficacy of family nursing tools in public health nurses’ practice. One such tool, the 15 minute family interview, was the focus of this qualitative, collaborative, educative study. The aim of the study was to explore 16 public health nurses’ knowledge and use of the five components of the 15 minute interview; manners, therapeutic questions, therapeutic conversations, commendations, and a genogram and ecomap. Focus groups were used to gather data in pre and post-intervention phases with PHNs using either a genogram or ecomap in practice over a three month period during the intervention phase. Several themes emerged from a thematic analysis of pre and post-intervention data. The latter analysis reinforced the former themes. The unrealistic nature of a 15 minute interview in public health nursing practice became apparent as the study progressed. Nevertheless participants consistently used four of the five components; manners, therapeutic questions, therapeutic conversations and commendations. Moreover the fifth component, an ecomap and genogram, while not consistently used, became the study’s focus from which a hybrid ‘ecogram’ emerged. Furthermore the study illustrated the changing and uncertain context in which public health nurses practice with increasingly complex and vulnerable families. Despite having limited transferability the findings reveal possibilities inherent in using family nursing tools to enhance relational practice, which, in turn, can improve family health outcomes.

Ngā ariā matua
Mahi ai ngā tapuhi tūmatanui i Aotearoa i ngā hapori ā-tāone, ā-tuawhenua, ki te whakatairanga i te hauora me te toiora mā ngā tamariki kura me ō rātou whānau. Ahakoa kei te whakamahia tētahi aronga hāngai tonu ki ngā whānau, he tino iti nei ngā mōhiotanga mō te whakamahi me te whāinga tikanga o ngā taputapu tapuhi ā-whānau mō ngā mahi a ngā tapuhi tūmatanui. I noho tētahi o ēnei taputapu, arā, te uiui ā-whānau 15 meneti te roa, hei arotahi mō tēnei rangahau ā-kounga, ā-mahi tahi, ā-mātauranga hoki. Te whāinga matua ia o te rangahau he tūhura i te mōhiotanga o ētahi tapuhi tūmatanui 16, me te whakamahinga o ngā wāhanga matua o te uiui 15 meneti; ngā tikanga tangata, ngā pātai whakaora, ngā kōrerorero whakaora, ngā kupu whakapai, te mahere kāwai whanonga (genogram) me tētahi mahere taiao tangata (eco map). I whakamahia ētahi rōpū arotahi hei kohikohi raraunga i ngā takiwā o mua, o muri hoki i te urunga atu o ngā Tapuhi tūmatanui, mā te whakamahi i tētahi mahere kāwai whanonga, i tētahi mahere taiao tangata rānei. I puta ētahi ariā i tētahi tātari ā-ariā o mua, o muri rānei o te whakaurunga, ā, i whakaūngia ēnei ariā i ngā tātari hōhonu o muri mai. Ka mārama tonu te take-kore o te uiui 15 meneti i roto i ngā mahi tapuhi tūmatanui i te haerenga tonutanga o te rangahau. Ahakoa rā, i kaha tonu te hokihoki o ngā tāngata whakauru ki ētahi wāhanga e whā; inā rā, ngā tikanga tangata, ngā pātai whakaora, ngā kōrerorero whakaora me ngā kupu whakapai. Otirā, i noho te wāhanga tuarima, arā, tētahi mahere kāwai whanonga, me tētahi mahere taiao tangata hei aronga matua mō te rangahau, i puta ai tētahi mahere taiao tangata “taha-rua” nei, ahakoa kāore i auau tonu te whakamahi o taua wāhanga tuarima. I tua atu i tērā, ka noho te rangahau nei huarahi whakaahua i ngā ao tino panoni, rehurehu hoki e mahi tahi nei ngā tapuhi tūmatanui, ki ngā whānau matatini, whakaraerae hoki. Ahakoa he iti noa ngā kitenga ka taea te kawe haere ki ao kē, kua kitea ētahi āheinga ka puta ake i te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tapuhi ā-whānau, e piki ake ai ngā tikanga mahi me te tangata, e piki ai te hauora o te whānau.

Key words / Kupu Matua:
15 minute family interview / Te uiuinga ā-whānau 15 meneti; public health nurses / ngā tapuhi hauora tūmatanui; families / ngā whānau; ecomap / mahere taiao tangata; genogram/ mahere kāwei whanonga; relational practice / ngā tikanga mahi ki te tangata; ecogram.